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The author presents his thoughts on the use of mobile devices in education. He notes that a majority of research on the topic focuses on learners' acceptance of the technology and is characterized by small sample sizes, user acceptance, and positive results, but suggests that they do not provide any new information. In response, he argues that research should distinguish between elective mobile usage, in which learners chose to use the technology, and enforced mobile usage.
Nick Rushby (Wed,) studied this question.