User Satisfaction With Urban Green Infrastructure and Its Landscape Services in Campus Open Spaces

This study investigates how personal profiles influence perceptions and satisfaction with outdoor spaces on a university campus. An online survey collected data on environmental satisfaction, service perceptions, and sociodemographic characteristics. Using structural equation modelling with the Mplus program, relationships were identified among these variables. Results show that factors like age, gender, academic discipline, usage frequency, and space preferences significantly affect perceptions of landscape service quality. Regulating service quality emerged as a key satisfaction determinant across diverse user groups. Findings highlight the need for urban planners to design inclusive, high-quality, and user-responsive spaces, with important implications for improving sustainable urban green infrastructure beyond university campuses.