Epstein-Barr virus infection in children with liver transplantation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection commonly occurs in children, particularly in developing countries. Most children infected with EBV are asymptomatic, though some develop significant complications, including EBV-associated malignancies, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, and multiple sclerosis. In immunocompromised children, including those with liver transplantation, EBV infection manifests with a diverse spectrum of presentations, varying from asymptomatic to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder, which can evolve into lymphoma. Therefore, close monitoring, early detection, and prompt management are crucial. This review aimed to investigate the pathogenesis and manifestations of EBV in healthy children and those who underwent liver transplantation. The proposed algorithm for early EBV detection and management, along with case studies, is provided to help pediatricians increase their index of suspicion.