Anti-Competitive Practices in Digital Markets: Experience of Foreign Countries

The article analyzes the tools used by business entities when carrying out entrepreneurial activities in order to compete in digital markets. The purpose of the study was to identify the applied practices recognized by the antitrust authorities of various countries as a violation of the antitrust legislation, to identify the applied approaches to assessing the actions of participants in digital markets, and their qualifications. The author also analyzed the features of the approaches of administrative and judicial authorities to defining the boundaries of the market in the considered examples of cases, compared foreign and Russian practices, highlighted practical mechanisms that are useful for researching digital markets.