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Introduction Microplastics (MPs) are emerging contaminants that raise concerns due to their potential health effects on vulnerable neonates who may be exposed to medical devices. Methods This prospective study investigated the presence of MPs in neonatal blood in relation to parenteral nutrition (PN) duration. A total of 12 neonates were categorized into long-term (14 days), short-term (3–7 days), and non-exposed control groups. MPs were analyzed using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy. Results Polyethylene accounted for 95.65% of particles detected in all blood samples. MP abundance was significantly higher in the long-term PN group compared to both short-term and control groups ( p 0.05), demonstrating a dose–response relationship with PN duration. Notably, larger MPs (60 μm) were found exclusively in the long-term group. Discussion These preliminary findings, derived from a small sample cohort, suggest that the PN system may serve as a potential iatrogenic source of MPs for neonates. Clinical trial registration NCT07326761.
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