Fragment Emission in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions Based on the Nonequilibrium Quantum Hydrodynamic Approach

Based on the Klein–Fock–Gordon equation, a nonequilibrium hydrodynamic approach is formulated to describe collisions of intermediate-energy heavy ions, and a comparison of the calculated differential fragment emission cross sections with experimental data from IHEP (Serpukhov), ITEP (Moscow), and BM@N collaboration (JINR, Dubna) is carried out. In this approach, a description of experimental data on double differential emission cross sections of the 1H, 2H, and 3H nuclei in the reaction (19.6 GeV/nucleon) 12C + 12C (IHEP) and reactions of 40Ar nuclei with 64Cu and 208Pb nuclei (BM@N collaboration) at an energy of 3.2 GeV/nucleon, as well as 11Be and 12B at an angle of 3.5° in the reaction (300 MeV/nucleon) 12C + 9Be (ITEP) is obtained. A comparison with other models is made and the dynamics of the process of fragmentation is analyzed.