Valorization of Nanocellulose Derived from Yan Lipao (fern vine) basketry waste into Nanocellulose for Enhancing Structural Integrity of Alginate Hydrogel Beads

Nanofibrillated cellulose (YL-NC) was extracted from Yan Lipao basketry waste, yielding 19.53% of purified nanocellulose based on dry biomass. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, while the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups was retained. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a crystallinity index of 64.29%, indicating a high degree of structural order. SEM imaging showed that YL-NC possessed a thin, elongated fibrils morphology. Finally, Hydrogel beads were prepared by incorporating YL-NC into sodium alginate at alginate: YL-NC ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. The beads exhibited nearly spherical shapes with smooth or slightly textured surfaces, depending on formulation. Measurements indicated a slight increase in bead diameter and a notable reduction in wall thickness with higher YL-NC content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that YL-NC and composite beads had improved thermal stability, with higher residual mass at elevated temperatures. Compressive strength decreased with increased YL-NC loading, while spreadability significantly improved, particularly in the 1:1 formulation. These results demonstrate that Yan Lipao-derived nanocellulose can enhance the structural tunability, thermal behavior, and application properties of alginate-based hydrogel beads for use in advanced cosmetic formulations.