Bioactive compunds in maize

Bioactive components of maize represent an important part of its nutritional and functional value, with a direct impact on human and animal health. Maize, as a strategically important crop in Serbia, is widely used in nutrition, industry, and biofuel production, while its grain is rich in starch, proteins, lipids, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals. Although it is energy-dense, the protein quality is limited due to a low lysine content, which has been a target of breeding programs. Particular importance is attributed to non-nutritive bioactive compounds such as phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids, which exhibit antioxidant, anticancer, and protective effects. Phenolic acids can inhibit the development of mycotoxigenic fungi, while carotenoids contribute to the maintenance of vision and cognitive functions. Additionally, resistant starch and dietary fiber positively affect digestive health. Overall, maize represents an important source of functional components with significant potential for improving nutrition and preventing disease.