Small animal review

These recent studies examine factors affecting canine health, owner decision-making and recognition of pain in dogs. Early-life conditions at the time of purchase were linked to increased health problems and higher veterinary costs in young dogs. Pet insurance uptake was influenced by income and cost, while emotional attachment played a key role in willingness to pay for treatment. Although owners could identify behavioural signs of pain, their assessments often differed from those of veterinarians, highlighting a need for improved owner education.