Glutathione precursors: a new opportunity for dietary interventions in obesity and metabolic health?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity is a major risk factor for the development of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis and metabolic syndrome. The mechanistic link between obesity and metabolic complications largely relay on chronic inflammation and redox status disturbances driven by excess adiposity and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels. This article reviews the latest evidence on the therapeutic potential of glutathione precursors N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glycine in mitigating metabolic complications associated with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS: NAC demonstrates promising benefits in improving insulin resistance, reducing hepatic steatosis, and mitigating cellular senescence mainly through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Glycine, on the other hand, may support metabolic health by enhancing detoxification pathways and improving key metabolic markers in obesity. However, research on this field is limited and predominantly based on animal models and small-scale human trials. SUMMARY: These findings highlight the need for continued investigation on the role of glutathione precursors as part of a broader strategy for the prevention and management of metabolic diseases linked to obesity. In particular, large-scale randomized controlled studies are required to validate the efficacy, safety and optimal dosages for these supplements.