African Swine Fever (ASF): A Study to Identify Risk Factors Associated with the Introduction of the Disease into Pig Farms

In 2023, ASF was recognized in Lombardy in wild boars, but shortly thereafter the disease was also identified in pig farms, with serious economic repercussions for the entire national pig sector. To identify factors related to the introduction of the infection into pig farms, a case–control study was conducted with the aim of gaining knowledge on the risk and protective factors involved in the introduction of the ASF virus into intensive pig farms. To this end, a questionnaire was developed on risk factors related to ASFV transmission into pig farms and on good management and biosecurity practices. The results of the study showed that measures aimed at strengthening the segregation of the farm from the external environment (external biosecurity), such as the mandatory passage through a hygiene lock upon entry, the presence of a hygiene lock for farm personnel and external visitors, the presence of special equipment and disinfection points at the entrance to the sheds, the loading of dead pigs outside the animal housing area and the ownership of non-adjacent agricultural land, were associated with a reduced risk. This information, if effectively communicated, could be of direct practical value to farmers to ensure the successful implementation of farm biosecurity.