Naloxone Distribution at Inpatient Discharge: A Narrative Review of Evidence-Based Strategies

Purpose: The United States is facing a significant public health crisis due to the increase in opioid use and its associated detrimental health consequences. The current narrative review focuses on identifying and synthesizing evidence-based strategies in implementing naloxone distribution for adult patients at the time of discharge from inpatient settings. Method: Elements of systematic methodology were incorporated; however, this search was not exhaustive, aligning with a narrative review design. Results: Six included studies identified several strategies in implementing naloxone distribution at inpatient discharge. These strategies include universal naloxone distribution and multimodal education using written and multimedia delivery methods for opioid and naloxone education. Outcomes across studies reflect improved naloxone acceptance, higher prescription fill rates, and improved opioid and naloxone knowledge. Conclusion: Although this review provides valuable insight, the authors acknowledge that this is not an exhaustive search. Future research should include a systematic review of evidence-based naloxone distribution implementation strategies and focus on conceptually grounded, nurse-led initiatives, including the integration of naloxone education into discharge planning.