Perinatal Risk Factors, Allergic Conditions and Psychosocial Problems in Children and Adolescents with Mental Health Problems

Immune-related problems have been implicated in mental health disorders, yet their role in youth remains unclear. This study examined (a) the prevalence of perinatal risk factors and allergic conditions in youth receiving psychiatric care, (b) the association between these risks, and (c) their combined impact on psychosocial functioning. Participants included 2,193 children and adolescents (ages 6–17; M = 11.52, SD = 3.35). Parent-reported questionnaires assessed perinatal risks, allergic conditions, and psychosocial symptoms. Perinatal risks were reported in 31% and allergic conditions in 20% of the sample. No significant association emerged between the two risk domains. However, allergic conditions were linked to elevated internalizing symptoms. For externalizing symptoms, an effect of allergic conditions was only found in those with perinatal risks. Findings support the immuno-psychiatry framework, indicating that allergic conditions, particularly in combination with early-life risk, may contribute to psychosocial difficulties in clinically referred youth. Implications for early intervention are discussed.