Chemical, Mechanical and Biological Recycling: A Comprehensive Study for Sustainable Waste Management

The rapid increase in solid waste, particularly plastic waste, has created significant environmental challenges worldwide. Recycling technologies play a vital role in reducing waste, conserving natural resources, and promoting sustainability. This paper presents a comprehensive study of three major recycling approaches: mechanical, chemical, and biological recycling. Mechanical recycling involves physical processing of waste materials, while chemical recycling converts waste into valuable chemical feedstocks. Biological recycling uses microorganisms and enzymes to degrade waste materials into reusable components. The study highlights recent advancements, advantages, limitations, and future prospects of these recycling techniques. The integration of these methods is essential for achieving a circular economy and sustainable waste management