Stroke distribution among Saudi versus non-Saudi population in King Abdulaziz University Hospital: Retrospective medical record review

Background: Stroke is a major health concern in Saudi Arabia, with an anticipated rise in cases. Risk factors such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, and family history contribute to stroke incidence. Middle cerebral artery occlusion is the most common ischemic form. However, limited research exists on stroke distribution and risk factors between Saudi and non-Saudi populations. This study, conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, aims to fill this gap and provide insights essential for stroke prevention and management. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of stroke among Saudi and non-Saudi patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from 2000 to 2023 at KAUH. Data on demographics, stroke type, and risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, and diabetes were collected. Radiological and diagnostic results were also included. Data were managed in Microsoft Excel and analyzed using SPSS software to assess stroke epidemiology and risk factors in both Saudi and non-Saudi populations. Results: Ischemic stroke was the most common type in both groups (non-Saudis: 85.0%, Saudis: 92.7%). The average age of patients was similar (non-Saudis: 66.3 years, Saudis: 66.7 years). Logistic regression identified a history of cancer as a significant stroke predictor, while smoking and diabetes were not significant. Blood pressure was higher in Saudi patients compared to non-Saudis. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for tailored prevention and management strategies addressing the specific risk factors of both Saudi and non-Saudi populations. Further research is needed to explore the underlying factors driving these epidemiological patterns.