Performance of the COVID-19 Vaccination Inputs Supply Chain Management System in the Littoral Department, Benin

Background. The performance of the vaccination supply chain management system directly determines the vaccination programmes effectiveness. This study evaluates this performance in the Littoral Department of Benin in 2023. Methods. A cross-sectional, descriptive and evaluative study was conducted from March to June 2023 in 19 public vaccination facilities in the Littoral Department. The Donabedian model was operationalised using composite indicators, scored in a binary manner and benchmarked against national standards and World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results. The ‘Structure’ component achieved 82.0% (satisfactory), despite deficiencies in dry storage facilities (8/19), vaccinator guides (6/19), computer equipment (5/19), and dedicated transport (5/19). The ‘Process’ component achieved 75% (insufficient), primarily due to poor completion of logistics management tools in 9 of 19 facilities. The ‘Outcomes’ component achieved 48% (insufficient): wastage rates ranged from 0% to 80% (mean: 63%), and only 2 of 19 facilities met the national target of 5%. The overall performance score was 73% (insufficient). Conclusion. Despite satisfactory basic infrastructure, the supply chain management system demonstrated insufficient performance owing to operational shortcomings and inadequate outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted action on the Logistics Management Information System, strengthened implementation of standardised operating procedures, and enhanced staff motivation.