Exploring the application of keystroke logging techniques to research in second language (L2) writing

This article discusses the application of keystroke logging techniques to research in second language (L2) writing. Keystroke logging provides an unobtrusive and detailed method for capturing the writing process. In this paper, we provide an introduction to keystroke logging as a research tool and an overview of its applications in writing research. In particular, we focus on the cognitive approach to writing process research with keystroke logging and discuss the alignment of keystroke features with specific cognitive processes in writing. We also analyze recent research efforts that apply keystroke logging to writing instruction and assessment. Lastly, we provide guidance for getting started with keystroke logging research using two examples: Inputlog , a laboratory-based keystroke logging software program, and a demonstration of FlexKeyLogger , a web-based application for keystroke logging in online settings. We also present an illustrative case study demonstrating how keystroke logging tools can be used in writing research.