Recreation Specialization Scale Development

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized and valid scale to measure recreation specialization. To achieve the purpose, the research was carried out as follows. First of all, a vast literature review and in-depth interviews had been conducted. The data collected from the literature review and the in-depth interviews contributed to understanding the constructs of recreation specialization. From the literature review and in-depth interviews recreation specialization was conceptualized with 3 factors(7 sub-factors) which were cognitive(information, skill-knowledge), affective(importance, centrality, physical passion) and behavioral(skilled, experience). Secondly, based on the conceptualization, a recreation specialization scale had been developed. Data collected from 9 in-depth interviews and 30 open-ended questionnaires was made into 30 new items. From 6 representative recreation specialization scales, inappropriate and repeated items were screened out and 35 items were translated into Korean. The 65 items were classified into 7 factors through experts discussion. During 2 times panel researches, unclear or redundant 32 items were eliminated among the 65 questions. 33 items were made into a preliminary questionnaire. Thirdly, Data was collected from 120 outdoor recreation participants and 50 university students to verify question validity. 163 data were used. With descriptive statistics including the mean, the standard deviation, the skewness, and the kurtosis, confirmatory factor analysis(CFA), 33 items which can hinder the reliability and validity were reduced to 21 items and the 7 factor-21 item model was developed.