Numerical Methods for Stochastic Delay Differential Equations Via the Wong--Zakai Approximation

We use the Wong--Zakai approximation as an intermediate step to derive numerical schemes for stochastic delay differential equations. By approximating the Brownian motion with its truncated spectral expansion and then using different discretizations in time, we present three schemes: a predictor-corrector scheme, a midpoint scheme, and a Milstein-like scheme. We prove that the predictor-corrector scheme converges with order half in the mean-square sense while the Milstein-like scheme converges with order one. Numerical tests confirm the theoretical prediction and demonstrate that the midpoint scheme is of half-order convergence. Numerical results also show that the predictor-corrector and midpoint schemes can be of first-order convergence under commutative noises when there is no delay in the diffusion coefficients.