This paper begins with a discussion on different perspectives regarding motor vehicle crashes, including crash types, vehicle types causes of crashes, countermeasure actions, and system-safety concerns. It then discusses prospects for crash avoidance, with focus on crash types. Human factors issues and how they affect crash avoidance systems are discussed next. This is followed by a discussion on warning design principles. The paper concludes with a description of technologies and displays by crash avoidance type.
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Thomas A. Dingus (1998) studied this question.