Variability of Jet Streams in the Atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere in Recent Decades (1980–2021)

Based on reanalysis data, quantitative estimates of the kinetic energy of the high-altitude jet streams of the Northern Hemisphere (EK JS NH) and its changes in the annual cycle and interannual variability for 1980–2021 have been obtained under different conditions for the minimum wind velocity Vm in the JS area. Adequate estimates are made for the share of the total kinetic energy of the atmosphere of the Northern Hemisphere associated with the JS ( P_EK JS). The share of the volume of atmospheric layers in the JS area in the NH in the total analyzed atmospheric layer of 500–100 hPa (PV JS) was also estimated. Significant changes were noted in the summer, including significant weakening trends of EK, P_EK , and PV in July and August at Vm ≥ 20 and Vm ≥ 30 m/s. In winter, significant changes were noted only for PV—a decreasing trend at Vm ≥ 20 and Vm ≥ 30 m/s. Seasonal features of the JS connection with El Niño phenomena are noted that are most significantly manifested from January to April.