T HIS paper is concerned primarily with the improvement of public management in the field of organization and methods. The best way I can deal with this subject is to recount the progress and development of organization and methods work in the British civil service, rather than to attempt to give anything in the nature of a lecture on principles or fundamentals. The reader must judge whether British experience has any significance or application in other administrations whose constitution and traditions may differ greatly from those of Great Britain. Although it is possible to sort out the elements of management, management is nevertheless a single entity and all its parts are interdependent. Although at times and in particular circumstances some elements may seem of greater importance and be given greater attention, good management requires that all its elements should be integrated and harmonized.
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James R. Simpson (1949) studied this question.