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Background and Aims: Gambling disorder (GD) is a growing public health concern, with emerging evidence suggesting potential sex differences in clinical presentation, gambling preferences, and treatment-seeking patterns. Furthermore, non-Western countries/cultures and women's clinical populations are understudied. Therefore, this study aimed to examine sex-related sociodemographic characteristics, gambling behaviors, and psychiatric symptoms among treatment-seeking individuals with GD in Türkiye. Methods: Data from 12,505 treatment-seeking individuals who registered for Green Crescent Counselling Center between 2021 and 2024 were analyzed. A total of 330 women participants who met the inclusion criteria were identified and compared with a sample of 990 men participants (matched on age, marital status, and education). Sociodemographic and clinical features, gambling preferences, and psychiatric symptoms were compared between groups. Results: A notable increase in the number and proportion of women seeking-treatment for GD was observed between 2021 and 2024. Women reported beginning gambling at a later age and engaging in it for a shorter duration compared to men. They showed a distinct gambling pattern, with a strong preference for online casino games, whereas men primarily engaged in sports betting. Women also exhibited higher rates of co-occurring psychiatric concerns, including depression, anxiety, PTSD, along with greater impulsivity. Discussion and Conclusions: Our findings highlight meaningful sex-related differences in the clinical presentation and gambling behaviors of treatment-seeking individuals with GD. The sizable representation of women suggests the need for sex-sensitive prevention and intervention strategies. Tailored approaches that address co-occurring psychiatric concerns, gambling preferences, and speculative motivations, may enhance treatment outcomes and inform future service provision in the treatment of GD, particularly for women.
Kavla et al. (2026) studied this question.
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