Arrhythmogenic iatrogenesis imperfecta: A decades-long chase down the rabbit hole

Figures

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  Figure 1. Transthoracic echocardiographic transmitral Doppler demonstrating sonographic A waves that are coincident with ectopic left atrial (LA) P waves.

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  Figure 2. A: Surface and intracardiac electrograms (EGM) demonstrating electrical dissociation between the right and left atria. RAs and LAs denote the respective right atrial and left atrial surface EGM signals. RAi, LAi, and Vi denote the respective right atrial, left atrial, and ventricular intracardiac EGM signals. RAp and VAp denote the respective right atrial and ventricular pacemaker spikes. B: Voltage maps of the right atrium and coronary sinus, demonstrating extensive fibrosis along the interatrial septum (including around the ostium of the coronary sinus), as well as the right atrial posterior wall and floor.