Irreversibility Analysis of Boundary Layer Flow of Jeffrey Hybrid Nanofluid in the Presence of Induced Magnetic Field and Heat Source/Sink

Thermal processes integrating nanomaterials have numerous uses in cooling heat‐density devices and heat exchangers. The purpose of this work is to examine a comparative analysis of the heat and mass transfer properties and entropy generation of the Jeffrey fluid, nanofluid (/water), and hybrid nanofluid (/ water) over a stretching sheet when an induced magnetic field and heat source/sink are present. Using similarity transformation, the mathematical governing partial differential equations of the system are changed into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The shooting method is utilized to solve the reduced similarity equation system. The comparison results for the Jeffrey fluid, nanofluid, and hybrid nanofluid are graphically presented and analyzed in detail, with an analysis of the impact of various non‐dimensional parameters. The skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are numerically investigated. Specifically, when the magnetic force parameter increases from 0.25 to 0.55, the Nusselt number rises by about 15.09% in the Jeffrey fluid, 21.77% in the Jeffrey nanofluid, and 25.85% in the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid. It indicates that the magnetic force parameter enhances the heat transfer rate in all three cases, with the Jeffrey hybrid nanofluid exhibiting the most substantial improvement. For instance, an enhancement in the Jeffrey fluid parameter diminishes the temperature profile, while the concentration profile improves for Jeffrey fluid, nanofluid, and hybrid nanofluid cases. There is a strong correlation between the current shooting method and the results that have been published.