Decentralized framework for product security using blockchain and smart contract-based QR verification

Counterfeiting of goods has become a significant problem across various sectors, ranging from medical to luxury products. This paper introduces a blockchain-based product authentication and security system to combat fraudulent goods and promote supply chain visibility. Leveraging blockchain’s decentralization, the system enables tamper-proof tracking of product information and warranty authenticity, from the production level to the end consumer. The proposed system employs technologies such as smart contracts, QR code-based verification, and cryptographic hashing to ensure data integrity. In addition, the paper discusses the scalability limitations of applying blockchain to large-scale supply systems and addresses issues related to privacy and regulations. We explain how to overcome these challenges without compromising the system’s security and effectiveness. The model is designed to be scalable, flexible, and cost-effective for industries with complex supply chains, including food safety, luxury goods, and pharmaceuticals. Case studies demonstrate the potential of this anti-fraud infrastructure to enhance product traceability and foster consumer trust. The paper also explores emerging areas of blockchain research in supply chain management and possible enhancements for broader adoption across industries.