The Role of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Weighted Image in Grading of Supratentorial Glioma

Background: Gliomas, which arise from glial cells, are the kind of tumors that are most commonly found in the central nervous system (CNS). Gliomas are highly diffusely infiltrative tumors that impact the surrounding brain tissue. The most malignant form of brain tumor is called glioblastoma, whereas the least malignant form is called pilocytic astrocytoma. Aim: To assess the role of the MRI Diffusion in the assessment of supratentorial gliomas and their different grading. Patients and methods: This cross-sectional investigation was conducted on 30 cases with suspected supratentorial glioma that underwent magnetic resonance imaging in the radiology department at Al-Zahraa Hospital throughout the period from Mayo 2023 to Mayo 2024. Results: The diagnostic accuracy for supratentorial glioma by DWI compared to diagnosis by histopathology grades (as a gold standard), there was sensitivity of 94.7%, specificity 90.9%, PPV of 94.7%, NPV% 90.9%; accuracy 93.3%. There was a highly statistically significant increase in grade for histopathology and positive edema, with a p-value (p<0.001). Conclusion: MRI Diffusion had high diagnostic efficacy in the evaluation of supranational gliomas with different grading as it showed high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. In our patients, high pathological grades were associated with higher age, increased glioblastoma multiform, enhancement of contrast, positive hemorrhage in SWI, positive necrosis, positive edema, and diffusion restriction.