Altered gut microbial diversity, composition, and metabolomic potential in patients with major depressive disorder and recent suicide attempt

. Additionally, 25 metabolic pathways differed between groups, with several linked to energy metabolism and amino acid processing-processes previously associated with MDD and suicidal behavior. These findings suggest that microbiome composition may influence suicide risk through gut-brain axis-mediated pathways, although due to the exploratory nature of this study further investigation is needed to validate our findings. Given the microbiome's modifiability, future research should explore microbial-targeted interventions as a potential strategy for suicide prevention in individuals with MDD.