Frequency and voltage stabilisation in combined load frequency control and automatic voltage regulation of multiarea system with hybrid generation utilities by AC/DC links

This article investigates the combined analysis of load frequency control (LFC) and Automatic voltage regulation (AVR) for two-area hybrid system. Classical PID controller is habituated as secondary controller. A novel differential evolution artificial electric field algorithm (DE-AEFA) is proposed in this paper to tune controller parameters. Initially, DE-AEFA algorithm is applied to test system 1 comprising two-area non-reheat thermal turbines. Later on, the study is extended to combined model named test system 2 to investigate combined LFC and AVR problem. Further, the system is extended to the incorporation of HVDC link with the existing AC tie-line in parallel. System dynamic performance is predominantly enhanced by AC/DC rather than only AC tie-line. The proposed scheme robustness is demonstrated by conducting sensitivity analysis.