A database system is, by one definition [4], "a system whose overall purpose is to maintain information and to make that information available on demand." Database systems have evolved as part of a response to the desire to separate concerns. That is, the "application" should be responsible for manipulation of information and for its presentation to a user, and the "database system" should perform application-independent data management operations.
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Bowen et al. (1992) studied this question.