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Since 2011, internet shutdowns have steadily become an increasingly popular form of digital repression, especially in India – which accounted for more than 50% of global recorded shutdowns from 2016 to 2019. Common shutdown justifications include ‘ensuring public safety’ in order to curb the prevalence of collective action in the form of protests and riots. This paper examines the correlation between internet shutdowns and a range of predictors, identifying riots as the main predictor of a shutdown.
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Collyer et al. (2021) studied this question.
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