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The efficiency of governments may be influenced by institutional factors and by the intensity of monitoring by citizens. This paper develops a theory of optimal monitoring and then uses frontier estimation techniques to construct measures of efficiency f or police departments in 141 cities. Using these efficiency measures, i t is possible to test the extent to which efficiency is influenced by the presence of a professional city manager and by characteristics of th e citizens.
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Davis et al. (1993) studied this question.
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