A comparison of the equatorial spread F derived by the International Reference Ionosphere and the S 4 index observed by FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC during the solar minimum period of 2007–2009

The latest version of the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI-2007) model includes an option for spread-F occurrence prediction for the first-time. The IRI-2007 spread-F occurrence is a function of solar 10.7 cm radiation flux, F10.7. In this paper, an attempt is made to cross-examine the spread-F occurrence derived by the IRI-2007 and the ionospheric scintillations in terms of the maximum value of the S4 index (S4max) between 150–350-km altitudes, calculated from fluctuations of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) intensity in the L1 channel of GPS radio occultation signals using FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC (F3/C) satellites during the low solar activity years 2007–2009. It is found that S4max maintains a fairly good consistency with spread-F occurrence simulated by IRI-2007 in the Brazilian region. Thus, the global S4 index statistics can be considered as a viable source of database to be incorporated into the global IRI spread-F prediction scheme owing to fact that the F3/C satellites can provide an unprecedented global database including the S4 index.