Waiting for the Anthropocene

The idea that we are living in the Anthropocene, a new geological epoch defined by human activity, has gained substantial currency across the academy and with the broader public. Within the earth sciences, however, the question of the Anthropocene is hotly debated, recognized as a question that gets at both the foundations of geological science and issues of broad philosophical importance. For example, official recognition of the Anthropocene requires us to find a way to use the methods of historical science to make predictions. It also involves determining the role that political motivations should play in establishing scientific kinds. I bring the perspective of philosophy of science to bear on these questions, ultimately arguing that formal recognition of the Anthropocene should be indefinitely deferred. 1. A New Epoch 1.1. Criteria for designating a new epoch2. The Future Geologist’s Perspective 2.1. Climate change2.2. The fossil record, excluding humans2.3. The human fossil record2.4. Direct anthropogenic deposits2.5. Chemical markers2.6. Hydrology2.7. Summing up3. The Synchronic Perspective4. The Anthropocene Is Not yet Set in Stone