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This paper presents a radio frequency identification (RFID) augmented module for smart environmental sensing (RAMSES), which is a fully passive device with sensing and computation capabilities conceived to explore novel and unconventional RFID applications. RAMSES implements an RF energy-harvesting circuit enhanced by a dc-dc voltage booster in silicon-on-insulator technology, an ultralow-power microcontroller, temperature, light, and acceleration sensors, and a new-generation I 2 C-RFID chip to wirelessly deliver sensor data to standard RFID EPCglobal Class-1 Generation-2 readers. A preliminary RAMSES prototype, fabricated on a printed circuit board using low-cost off-the-shelf discrete components, has been extensively tested through experiments conducted both in lab and real-world application scenarios. The achieved results have demonstrated the ability of RAMSES to harvest the RF energy emitted by an interrogator placed up to 10 m of distance and autonomously perform sensing, computation, and data communication. To our knowledge, this is the longest range ever reported for fully passive RFID sensors. Furthermore, for applications requiring larger operating distances, RAMSES provides also a battery-assisted passive mode yielding up to 22-m communication range.
Donno et al. (2014) studied this question.