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Lung cancer is the predominant cause of cancer-related deaths, with chemoresistance posing a significant challenge for effective treatment. Drug resistance in lung cancer cells involves various cellular and molecular mechanisms, including the upregulation of DNA repair pathways, activation of secondary proto-oncogenes and alterations in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis and the tumor microenvironment. Recent advances in nanotechnology have paved the way for innovative approaches to overcome chemoresistance, particularly through the utilization of nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery. When encapsulated within nanocarriers, kaempferol’s therapeutic potential is significantly enhanced, offering improved bioavailability, targeted delivery and reduced systemic toxicity. Kaempferol-based nanoparticles, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, and nanostructured lipid carriers, have shown substantial efficacy for combating chemoresistance in lung cancer models. These nanoparticles May enhance the intracellular delivery of kaempferol, potentially leading to the inhibition of key signaling pathways implicated in chemoresistance. Additionally, kaempferol-based nanocarriers have been shown to sensitize cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, reducing drug efflux and enhancing apoptosis. The synergistic effects of kaempferol in combination with chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil, further underscore its potential in overcoming resistance mechanisms. Moreover, the use of hyaluronic acid-modified, kaempferol-based nanoparticles has demonstrated enhanced targeting of lung cancer cells, inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis.
Goleij et al. (Thu,) studied this question.