Development of a Multidimensional Measure of Islamic Spirituality (MMIS)

The aim of the present study was to develop a multidimensional measure of Islamic spirituality. This research was undertaken in Pakistan. Domains of spirituality were operationalized and items were developed, followed by the evaluation of the questionnaire by religious/spiritual scholars and mental health experts. The questionnaire was administered to 813 students. After excluding items with low corrected item to total correlation in each domain (<.30), a Principal Component Analysis with Oblique (Promax) rotation was conducted on 101 items. Eight clear factors were extracted: (1) Self-Discipline, (2) Quest and Search for Divinity, (3) Anger and Expansive behavior, (4) Self Aggrandizement, (5) Feeling of Connectedness with Allah, (6) Meanness-Generosity, (7) Tolerance-Intolerance, and (8) Islamic Practices. Moderate to high internal reliability, good construct, and content validity were found.