A framework for generating rating curves in Mahanadi River using hydrodynamic model and radar altimetry data

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The limited availability of in situ data has drawn attention towards using remote sensing techniques to monitor river flow. Radar altimetry data has been used to generate stage–discharge rating curves through power-law relations and empirical methods. However, evaluating hydrodynamic models for rating curve generation using multi-mission altimetry data in data-scarce regions is lacking. We used altimetry data (Jason 2, Jason 3, SARAL/AltiKa, Sentinel 3A, and Sentinel 3B) over the Mahanadi River to evaluate rating curves at virtual stations. The Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) hydrodynamic model was set up, identifying seven virtual stations along the Mahanadi River from Boudh to Mundali Barrage. Statistical evaluation of “water level” (Root Mean Square Error [RMSE] 0.27–0.88 m) and “discharge” (Kling-Gupta Efficiency [KGE] 0.52–0.88) components of the generated rating curves showed significant agreement with radar altimetry data. These rating curves at virtual stations offer a cost-effective tool for monitoring river flows at additional locations.