Exploring psychological experiences of soldiers who have undergone voluntary male medical circumcision at the Engineers Battalion in Kasungu, Malawi

Background: Voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) has gained recognition for its potential to reduce the risk of HIV transmission. However, limited academic research has comprehensively examined the psychological experiences of individuals who have undergone this procedure. Aim: The study aimed to explore the psychological experiences of soldiers who have undergone VMMC at the Engineers Battalion in Kasungu, Malawi. Setting: The study was conducted at the Engineers Battalion in Kasungu, Central Region of Malawi. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological study design was used. A purposive sampling strategy was used to enrol eight participants. A semi-structured interview schedule with probing questions was used to collect data. An interpretive thematic framework approach was used to analyse data. Results: Immediate psychological experiences included heightened anxiety, vulnerability and physical discomfort. Short-term experiences involved challenges adapting to physical restrictions and feelings of self-consciousness. Long-term psychological experiences were characterised by a blend of positive self-perceptions. Conclusion: The study highlights the mental health challenges associated with routine VMMC among an under-researched population in Malawi. Voluntary medical male circumcision significantly affects the psychological well-being of soldiers across various stages of recovery, underscoring the need to integrate psychological counselling and support into military health initiatives. Contribution: Findings from this study will contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the intersection between VMMC, psychological well-being and military health policies, ultimately informing the design of tailored interventions to support circumcised soldiers in Malawi and beyond.