Although counseling, psychological, and mental health research has been conducted on the needs and experiences of immigrants and refugees living in the United States, inclusion of these topics is not as prevalent or consistent in neither counselor preparation nor discussion of multicultural counseling competence. In an effort to increase the likelihood that immigrant and refugee issues will be included in multicultural counselor education, a case is made for adding immigrant and refugee issues and experiences to the multicultural competency training discourse.
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José A. Villalba (2009) studied this question.
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