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Global System for Mobile Communications-Railway (GSM-R) is the current standard for railway voice and data communication. It provides railway-specific voice services, such as railway emergency calls (RECs), as well as the European Train Control System (ETCS), which offers in-cab signaling and automatic train protection. Despite these features and services, GSM-R has major shortcomings. Therefore, alternative technologies are being considered to replace GSM-R and become the next-generation railway mobile communication network.
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Sniady et al. (2015) studied this question.
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