The Impacts of Artificial Intelligence on Reducing Surgical Errors in Heart Surgeries

Of all surgeries, heart surgeries are considered to pose a higher risk of surgical errors due to the intricacies of the heart's anatomical structures, surgical complexities, the critical nature of procedures, and stress on the surgical team.In this paper, considering the significant impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on enhancing patient outcomes in healthcare, we explore AI's potential in reducing errors in heart surgeries.To that end, we reviewed recent papers on the intersection of artificial intelligence and heart surgeries.We analyzed their efficiency in reducing surgical errors and their promise to mitigate the risks involved in cardiac surgeries.Large language-based surgical assistants, such as CARES Copilot 1.0 and ChatGPT, are cost-effective solutions for underprivileged areas with high demand for cardiac surgeries because they enhance surgical outcomes, shorten ICU and hospital stays, and thus give opportunities to other patients awaiting surgery.At the same time, despite reducing surgical errors and improving patient outcomes, AI has some limitations, including hallucinations, biases in training data, threats of job displacement, and high deployment costs, especially for robotic surgeries and fine-tuning large language models, all of which remain significant barriers to AI's adoption, requiring further research.