Similar to the hukou system in China, the household registration system ([Formula: see text]) in Vietnam which represents the citizenship of its people has become a part of the Vietnamese society in the past 60 years. After the economic reform in 1986, the force of [Formula: see text] system has begun to wane; however, it still plays an essential role in everyday life of Vietnamese. Utilizing the new Household Registration Study (HRS) survey conducted by the World Bank in 2015, this paper employs Instrumental Variables (IV) to estimate the effect of citizenship (household registration status) on migrant workers in urban Vietnam. The main findings detect a pattern of discrimination against temporary residents in term of labor wages, which is different from the result of OLS estimation in the World Bank report.
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Huong Vo (2020) studied this question.
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