Shows increased long-term abstinence in smokers, suggesting effectiveness of approach bias modification.
• Evidence for long-term effects of Approach Bias Modification for smoking is scarce • Outcomes of VR- and app-based Approach Bias Modification tested up to 4 years later • Approach Bias Modification increased abstinence 4 years later compared to sham • Cigarette smoking reduced by approx. 50% in both groups and remained below baseline • Approach Bias Modification for smoking may be beneficial in the long-term
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Machulska et al. (2026) studied this question.
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