Hierarchical key rotation, isolation and sensor-based resilient protocol for wireless sensor networks

Ensuring a robust and secure wireless sensor network (WSN) remains a critical challenge, particularly against both internal and external threats. This paper presents a novel protocol - hierarchical key rotation, isolation, and sensor-based resilient protocol (HKRISRP) - designed to address the inherent security vulnerabilities in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). This approach tackles the critical challenges of dynamic threat detection and resource constraints by employing a hierarchical network architecture that integrates dynamic key rotation, lightweight encryption, and an adaptive cluster head re-election mechanism. This methodology not only enhances data confidentiality and integrity but also ensures energy efficiency and rapid threat isolation. Empirical results from both OMNeT+ + simulations and hardware prototype evaluations demonstrate a throughput of 10,000 bps, an average remaining energy level of 82%, and a mean resolution time of 0.8 sec, significantly outperforming existing solutions. By introducing a robust framework for proactive threat prevention and isolation, HKRISRP offers a scalable and resilient solution for applications in military surveillance, border security, and industrial IoT environments.