Abstract: Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), a prominent member of the Paramyxoviridae family, leads to significant respiratory infections, primarily impacting children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Since its discovery in 2001, HMPV has presented a global public health challenge due to its widespread distribution and severe clinical manifestations, from mild symptoms to critical respiratory issues like pneumonia. Effective therapeutic options remain scarce, with current management focused predominantly on supportive care. Investigational treatments, such as ribavirin and monoclonal antibodies, have shown limited success. Preventive measures like hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette are essential, given the absence of approved vaccines. Advances in molecular diagnostics, especially RT-PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS), have significantly improved HMPV detection and epidemiological surveillance. HMPV's genomic variability and evolution complicate vaccine development. Experimental vaccines, including live-attenuated and recombinant candidates, have shown limited immunogenicity. Animal models, particularly mice and ferrets, are crucial for understanding HMPV pathogenesis and testing potential therapies. Understanding HMPV's virology, clinical presentations, and immune responses is vital for creating effective vaccines and treatment strategies. Future research should prioritize optimizing vaccines, developing antivirals, and enhancing global surveillance to address HMPV's impact on public health.
Kumar et al. (Wed,) studied this question.