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May 30, 2026European Neurology

Combined Olfactory Testing and Substantia Nigra Hyperechogenicity for Diagnostic Differentiation of Parkinson’s Disease

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Authors

JKJiří KozelEAEva AugstePMPatricie Michalčová

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Overview

Cross-sectional study assesses combined olfactory dysfunction and SN hyperechogenicity for diagnosing Parkinson's disease, emphasizing demographic impacts.

Key Points

  • The aim is to evaluate the relationship between SN hyperechogenicity and olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease, with attention to demographic factors.
  • Cross-sectional study with 89 PD patients and 113 healthy controls.
  • Olfactory function assessed using the 16-item Sniffin’ Sticks test and SN echogenicity measured via transcranial sonography.
  • Participants stratified by age (≤ 60 and > 60 years) for analysis.
  • PD patients had significantly lower olfactory scores (p < 0.001) and higher SN echogenicity than controls (p < 0.001).
  • Combining hyposmia and SN hyperechogenicity resulted in 83.1% sensitivity, 95.6% specificity, and 90.1% accuracy.
  • Age impacted olfactory function in controls, with no correlation between the two markers in PD.

Cite This Study

Kozel et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a1a80de0307b78509432d20https://doi.org/10.1159/000552191
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Adapting the Sniffin' Sticks to diagnose Parkinson's disease in Sri Lanka2009 · 42 citations
  2. 2Diagnostic Performance of Transcranial Sonography for Evaluating Substantia Nigra Hyper-echogenicity in Patients with Parkinson's Disease2020 · 17 citations
  3. 3Advancements in understanding substantia nigra hyperechogenicity via transcranial sonography in Parkinson’s disease and its clinical implications2024 · 11 citations
  4. 4Combination of transcranial sonography, olfactory testing, and MIBG myocardial scintigraphy as a diagnostic indicator for Parkinson’s disease2011 · 44 citations