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Significance Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are important mediators of immunosurveillance and targets for cell-based immunotherapy. Activation by small molecular compounds called phosphoantigens is essential for their functions and involvement of butyrophilins (BTN3A) has been shown. However, it is not completely understood how the intracellular recognition of phosphoantigens by BTN3 is translated to the cell surface and finally to Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation. In addition, phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cells were only identified in primates but not in rodents. In this study, we present a phosphoantigen-reactive Vγ9Vδ2 T cell subset in Vicugna pacos (alpaca) and show similarities and instructive differences to the human system that can be applied for future structural and functional Vγ9Vδ2 T cell research and development of nonprimate animal models.
Fichtner et al. (Thu,) studied this question.