Smart objects, equipped with a variety of intelligent features, can significantly improve BIM efficiency and address issues such as data loss and outdated information throughout the design, construction, and management phases of projects. A systematic literature review was conducted, encompassing research articles published from 2005 to 2023, to examine the involvement of smart objects in BIM integration. Out of the 98 studies identified, it was revealed that smart objects play a crucial role in three primary stages of BIM implementation: pre-construction (architectural design), construction (management and progress monitoring), and post-construction (applications in smart buildings and documentation of existing and historical buildings). A comprehensive analysis of these studies led to the development of a current workflow, detailing the various categories of smart objects, their application areas, and the procedures involved in their creation. The analysis also provides insights into the methodologies, tools, and software crucial for BIM integration, along with potential challenges that may arise. It is anticipated that the use of smart objects as representatives of real building elements will become a core component of the AEC industry.
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Senel et al. (2024) studied this question.
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