Impact Damage and Mechanisms of Pelton Turbine’s Substrate Material under Sediment-Laden Jet Impact at Various Angles

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Investigate the erosion mechanisms of X3CrNiMo13-4 stainless steel under sediment-laden water jet impact at different angles.
Conducted erosion tests using weight loss, depth measurement, and morphological analysis at various impact angles.
Analyzed wear patterns and material loss through different sediment jet angles ranging from 30° to 90°.
Wear rate increases with angle until peaking at 45°, then decreases thereafter.
At 45°, maximum wear area and volume loss are observed with significant morphological changes.
At 30°, wear manifests as narrow grooves, while at 90°, different impact zones on the substrate lead to diverse wear patterns.

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Experimental study shows erosion characteristics of substrate material under varying sediment jet angles, suggesting optimal designs for durability.

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Guo et al. (2026) studied this question.

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